HomeMy WebLinkAboutSection VI Sidewalk and Trail Inspection and MaintenanceVI. SIDEWALK AND TRAIL INSPECTION/MAINTENANCE POLICY
Adopted December 7, 2009
Revised November 13, 2012
INTRODUCTION
The City of Prior Lake, Minnesota has 70 miles of public sidewalks and trails. The trails and sidewalks
throughout the community vary in age, sub base , quality and condition. Although some may be irregular
on the surface they are not necessarily deemed de fective. The city recognizes that unmaintained
sidewalks or trails can create hazards for pedestrians and other users.
The goal of the sidewalk and trail system is to provide a safe area for walking, jogging, rollerblading, and
biking. The correspondin g goal of the sidewalk and trail inspection and maintenance policy is to make
repairs quickly and in a financially prudent manner recognizing that the City of Prior Lake has limited
employee and financial resources.
The most common safety concern is the p otential for trips and falls on uneven sidewalks and trails.
Uneven sidewalks and trails can be the result of heaving, settling, cracking, and spalling. The main
reasons for these failures are tree root growth, ground shift during the freeze - thaw cycle, improper
subsoil and the age of the sidewalk or trail.
Six procedures are routinely used by the City of Prior Lake under this policy: removal and replacement,
mud jacking, grinding, crack sealing, seal coating and over lays. There are many variables to c onsider
when deciding which procedure should be used, including age and condition, probable cause of failure,
potential issues with slope, and cost of repairs.
Sidewalks and trail should not be replaced for cosmetic reasons such as minor cracking or spall ing. Only
hazards to pedestrians should be repaired or replaced under this policy.
SIDEWALK/TRAIL INSPE CTION PROCEDURES
The Director of Public Works shall establish procedures for regular sidewalk/trail inspection. Those
procedures will include:
1. A City wide sidewalk and trail survey.
2. Maintaining ADA Standards
3. Yearly sidewalk and trail inspections.
4. Criteria for determining whether a particular sidewalk or trail is in need of replacement or
repair.
SIDEWALK/TRAIL REPLA CEMENT AND REPAIR PO LICY
The Maintenance Supervisor shall establish a replacement and repair schedule. This schedule is subject
to modification based on sidewalk and trail condition, availability of resources, and the timing of City,
County, and State road way reconstruction project s.
The sidewalk and trail replacement and repair inspection schedule will divide the City into three sections
and will prioritize the replacement or repairs needed. The replacement and repair policy takes into
consideration the following factors:
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1. Sidewal k and trail location and amount of pedestrian traffic.
2. The nature and severity of the condition needing replacement or repair.
3. The City’s budget for replacement or repair of sidewalks or trails.
4. Whether or not and to what extent the cost of the replacement or repairs can be recovered at
the same time as road way reconstruction projects.
5. Availability of employees, equipment, and other resources for replacement or repairs.
6. Public safety.
7. History of prior accidents or complaints.
ADA STANDARDS FOR COMMON SIDEWALK & TRAIL FAILURES AND RECOMME NDATIONS
Raised Sections or Faulting
Faulting is caused by tree roots or frost heaving. Cutting the tree roots is not recommended as it will
weaken the root structure and allow the tree to topple by wind. If sidewalk replacement requires the
removal of a significant tree, a replacement tree may be offered to the property owner of a type and
size recommended by the City’s Forester.
Grinding a sidewalk or trail may provide a temporary solution to an offset resulting fr om a raised or
faulted sidewalk or trail section. If the raised section is caused by tree roots, in time the sidewalk or trail
section may require removal and replacement.
A property owner opposed to the removal of a boulevard tree which is causing damage to the public
sidewalk or trail adjacent to their property may elect to pay for the sidewalk or trail removal and
replacement as necessary to maintain it in accordance with City Policy.
The criteria for replacing or repairing a raised or faulted si dewalk & trail section s are as follows:
Severity Level Difference in Elevation
Low Less than ½”
Medium ½” - 1”
High Greater than 1” - 2”
Linear Cracking
Linear cracking of sidewalk or trail sections may occur due to improp er construction, abuse, or frost
heaves. Small cracks will occur and continue to grow as the sidewalk or trail ages. As the cracks widen
and deepen, chunks of sidewalk or trail may separate from the slab creating trip hazards. When this
occurs, the side walk or trail may need to be removed and replaced.
Replacement of a sidewalk or trail section should be considered when:
1. The sidewalk or trail has cracked into more than three pieces per section and the sections are
distorted or distressed with a vertical height of one - half inch or more.
2. A horizontal separation of two inches or more.
3. The sidewalk or trail section has cracked and part of the sidewalk or trail is missing, forming
holes.
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Settlement
Settlement may occur if there was improper or insufficient base material or compaction thereof. It may
occur when utility installations transverse the sidewalk or trail . If the sidewalk sections are intact in a
settlement area, the maintenance choice may be mud jacking. If the sections are broken, removal and
replacement may be needed.
The sidewalk or trail section or sections that have settled more than two inches in twelve feet from the
normal line of grade of the sidewalk or trail should be either replaced or mud jacked.
Joint Spalling
Joint spalling is the breakdown of the slab edges. A spall usually does not extend vertically through the
slab, but inter sects the joint at an angle. Spalling is a result of weak concrete, water accumulation in the
joint and freeze – thaw action and excessive stresses at the joint. The preferred maintenance is to
remove and replace.
Replacement of the sidewalk sections th at display spalling should be considered for replacement when
the width of the spall is greater than two inches over 50% or more of the joint and the spalled pieces are
loose or missing.
Durability (“D”) Cracking
“D” cracking is caused by freeze - thaw expa nsion of the large aggregate which, over time, gradually
breaks down the concrete. This distress usually appears as a pattern of cracks running parallel and close
to the joint or linear crack. Since the concrete becomes saturated near the joints and crac ks, a dark -
colored deposit can usually be found around fine “D” cracks. This type of distress may eventually lead to
disintegration of the entire slab.
Sidewalks the display “D” cracks that cover more than 25% of the sidewalk section causing the
accumula tion of loose material should be considered for replacement.
COMMON TRAIL FAILURE S AND RECOMMENDATION S:
Description Cause
Cracking, low or moderate Begins at bottom of asphalt surface where stress
and strain are highest under wheel load
Rutting or settlement Poor sub - base material or improper drainage of
sub - base area
Heaving Poor sub - surface drainage, potentially from frost
conditions, impacts form adjacent trees
Oxidation Continuous exposure to sun light through all
seasons, disintegration of oi ls and fine particles
which make up asphalt
SIDEWALK/TRAIL WINTE R MAINTENANCE POLICY
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Criteria and priorities for removing snow from sidewalks and trail are documented in the City of Prior
Lake Winter Maintenance Policy. The Winter Maintenance Policy is updated and approved by City
Council on a yearly basis.
REVIEW AND MODIFICAT ION OF POLICY
The Maintenance Supervisor will keep on file comments and complaints received regarding this policy.
The policy will be reviewed yearly with all of the City’s maint enance policies by the City Council. The
reviews will consider comments, complaints, and modifications since the last review and any other
factors affecting the policy or its implementations. Modifications of this policy shall be effective on the
said da te they are approved by City Council Resolution.
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